{"id":"W3124178776","doi":"","title":"Roads and Innovation","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Economies of agglomeration; Stock (firearms); Economic geography; Knowledge flow; Business; Inflow; Transportation infrastructure; Urban agglomeration; Regional science; Geography; Economics; Transport engineering; Economic growth; Engineering; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005462458,0.0002263278,0.0003106176,0.001495454,0.0005961603,0.001974512,0.0003859457,0.0009499282,0.0110611],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005022229,0.0001279739,0.000604436,0.003111608,0.001110539,0.00197152,0.0009763719,0.0007260688,0.001116503],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00145198,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001368335,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008194244,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008915465,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995466,0.000158258,0.0000159206,0.00007864437,0.00007383334,0.0001266102],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9955395,0.00234518,0.001317892,0.0001772339,0.0003520724,0.0002680118],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001325492,0.000227557,0.1245575,0.0005258038,0.000263813,0.0006552989,0.001123806,0.06197117,0.0008885468,0.6787871,0.0109417,0.1199252],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008934534,0.0003245433,0.1081307,0.000425588,0.0003058469,0.0006246379,0.003268228,0.03350956,0.001835397,0.6837645,0.167642,0.00007967414],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7281272,0.01900287,0.03270569,0.01881278,0.0003406079,0.00008008741,0.00237855,0.0001794437,0.1983728],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.980933,0.005992949,0.002069885,0.000305334,0.0001624411,0.00002701213,0.0002439171,0.00001368699,0.01025179],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0110611,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0370031,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06425373112126359,"score_gpt":0.3012654746810943,"score_spread":0.2370117435598307,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}