{"id":"W3124369005","doi":"10.1007/s12134-005-1021-6","title":"The economic causes and consequences of Canadian citizenship","year":2005,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Journal of International Migration and Integration / Revue de l integration et de la migration internationale","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"U.S. Department of Justice","keywords":"Citizenship; Immigration; Differential (mechanical device); Earnings; Differential treatment; Political science; Demographic economics; Economics; Law; International trade; Accounting","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003871349,0.0003338707,0.0003722828,0.001164574,0.0004355018,0.0008671407,0.000482417,0.0003523259,0.0005157579],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002348681,0.0002920084,0.000210258,0.0004363818,0.001158868,0.001529302,0.00003289763,0.0006881557,0.00001543924],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001730452,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002076396,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04616192,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7594466,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9959907,0.001204546,0.001620893,0.0002953342,0.0005621209,0.0003264103],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9942749,0.001771502,0.001606443,0.0001689026,0.00181548,0.0003627585],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001314477,0.00007818673,0.00672529,0.00001762168,0.0002229562,0.000005712242,0.01739032,0.002568891,0.004356394,0.9349805,0.01674356,0.0167791],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001060949,0.0004191484,0.01389718,0.000757977,0.0001361873,0.0007992233,0.01297196,0.1072445,0.006010786,0.02249827,0.8337415,0.0004622866],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6256089,0.00643103,0.02035348,0.3186355,0.00329353,0.0005084268,0.0003402362,0.00003482053,0.02479412],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9073228,0.07156331,0.005819821,0.001934113,0.00128799,0.00002926935,0.00009730519,0.00002849977,0.01191684],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9124823,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999532,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02217536779557587,"score_gpt":0.3016197117519539,"score_spread":0.279444343956378,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}