{"id":"W3124751734","doi":"10.1145/3428121","title":"Fast and Secure Authentication in Virtual Reality Using Coordinated 3D Manipulation and Pointing","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction","topic":"User Authentication and Security Systems","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":90,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; University of Glasgow; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Royal Society of Edinburgh; Erasmus+; McGill University","keywords":"Password; Computer science; Usability; USable; Authentication (law); Human–computer interaction; Gaze; Computer security; Virtual reality; Challenge–response authentication; Authentication protocol; Artificial intelligence; Multimedia","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002756536,0.0001736019,0.0001982882,0.0003177535,0.0003272554,0.0003949501,0.0002079174,0.0001027523,0.00002095741],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001885357,0.0002020294,0.00004642094,0.0004130674,0.0000360857,0.0009767076,0.00004412953,0.0002916197,0.000006189472],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001383201,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002845409,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001990638,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002663686,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983679,0.0002533812,0.0004512169,0.0005543561,0.0001881614,0.0001850062],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989494,0.0001404453,0.0001609816,0.0005195448,0.0001507605,0.00007884968],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001378841,0.002634007,0.004310458,0.0006638567,0.0003702989,0.0001072994,0.143003,0.02297494,0.06130119,0.04073498,0.0001049768,0.7236571],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000552208,0.00008293655,0.008368375,0.0001786607,0.00001885801,0.0001645391,0.0003651727,0.9866363,0.0016869,0.001600922,0.0001375715,0.0002075426],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3683929,0.00001383164,0.6304111,0.0005309636,0.0004053404,0.0001286991,0.00000238168,0.00008848497,0.00002628072],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926438,0.00001281198,0.007073287,0.0001071113,0.00005335769,0.00001073707,0.00002109853,0.00001265711,0.0000650827],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9636614,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8238519,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04560728426598929,"score_gpt":0.3101367479006215,"score_spread":0.2645294636346322,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}