{"id":"W3124864757","doi":"","title":"Research Note: Athletic Graduation Rates and Simpson’s Paradox","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Sports Analytics and Performance","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Graduation (instrument); Basketball; Athletes; Football; Scholarship; College football; College athletics; Demographic economics; Quarter (Canadian coin); Demography; Psychology; Political science; Physical therapy; Sociology; Geography; Economics; Medicine; Mathematics; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00801358,0.0004031831,0.0009407757,0.001812634,0.0003842413,0.0005499304,0.0007987811,0.0006777624,0.0004586463],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005056118,0.0004909281,0.0001814332,0.0003828477,0.0005737637,0.0002346516,0.001150329,0.002978074,0.0002123368],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001225088,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003155553,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006848358,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006820993,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9953385,0.0001263338,0.001433656,0.001593458,0.0002067515,0.001301319],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972416,0.0005418527,0.0004213977,0.00129801,0.0001921998,0.000304933],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002944682,0.0008538727,0.2673364,0.00102369,0.000332271,0.0001073029,0.003865837,0.07705652,0.00002421388,0.08838701,0.001707983,0.5590104],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00126043,0.0002314731,0.1516403,0.0003540909,0.00001020856,0.0000155869,0.0005158409,0.4927872,0.00005483717,0.06991389,0.281902,0.001314195],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8667247,0.004209096,0.00003378211,0.003090698,0.0007236958,0.001273286,0.0002664593,0.00004774422,0.1236305],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9205301,0.0730197,0.0004384665,0.00009013467,0.0006268629,0.0002219135,0.0001119928,0.00009247679,0.004868369],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5576963,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997543,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07794453026352757,"score_gpt":0.3485654130016184,"score_spread":0.2706208827380908,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}