{"id":"W3125008775","doi":"","title":"Using Patents and Publications to Assess R&D Efficiency in the States of the USA","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Economic Growth and Productivity","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Extant taxon; Homogeneous; China; Political science; Geography; International trade; Regional science; Business; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","bibliometrics"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001368626,0.00008608681,0.0001857485,0.006168211,0.0002331605,0.001352075,0.0002343422,0.0002114924,0.001158208],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007170052,0.00009300694,0.0002424479,0.008638892,0.0004981675,0.0008395847,0.0005874094,0.0003021231,0.0002593896],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001224627,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009083603,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03289654,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04194556,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991475,0.0001997635,0.0001197393,0.0001376755,0.0002909938,0.0001043425],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9867244,0.005416867,0.004789249,0.0003204168,0.002302911,0.0004461076],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"evaluation","domain_candidate":"evaluation","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006049304,0.00003554372,0.9823376,0.00003851124,0.00009675182,0.00005461757,0.0004173172,0.001251141,0.0002028082,0.001641402,0.0011818,0.01268193],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005923064,0.00003888363,0.9940883,0.00002252022,0.0000537184,0.00005460218,0.0006161074,0.001198543,0.0003413261,0.0006583226,0.002908139,0.00001367696],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9872749,0.0004750301,0.0001437388,0.0001829738,0.000005647422,0.000006488845,0.00159142,0.00001048097,0.01030934],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978733,0.000318531,0.00009461449,0.00002864418,0.000009371321,0.000006659282,0.001059834,0.000001239432,0.0006077167],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9986314,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06541014,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07652150040380419,"score_gpt":0.2702530076784792,"score_spread":0.193731507274675,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}