{"id":"W3125225094","doi":"10.1257/app.20210074","title":"Income Segregation and the Rise of the Knowledge Economy","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Economic Journal Applied Economics","topic":"Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Economic rent; Economics; Sorting; Leverage (statistics); Economic inequality; Standard deviation; Inequality; Production (economics); Economic geography; Demographic economics; Econometrics; Microeconomics; Statistics; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001869925,0.0002805159,0.001019053,0.0003695628,0.0004368747,0.0002122562,0.0007995969,0.00007698477,0.0001042063],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003683814,0.0002188001,0.0004531998,0.0002902639,0.001294015,0.0002595461,0.0003181933,0.0003411842,0.0006695648],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003293752,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001161415,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005978675,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003020099,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997513,0.0000480075,0.001548536,0.0004659343,0.00001723289,0.0004072807],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966784,0.0003351407,0.002233312,0.0005758426,0.00002603885,0.0001512912],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000775399,0.00001869597,0.02197084,0.00001097945,0.0003437397,2.265243e-7,0.0005687847,0.01256984,0.00000178344,0.9575486,0.0004419076,0.006447049],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002973871,0.00005480673,0.06166032,0.00001307489,0.00006827265,0.00005408651,0.001017296,0.09172664,0.00004370119,0.7746918,0.06710675,0.0005894214],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9582824,0.0005209766,0.0001662657,0.005843759,0.0004833195,0.0003183846,0.00007705494,0.00002497889,0.0342829],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955033,0.003178051,0.0001247451,0.000306527,0.0002797535,0.00004589578,0.000005099402,0.00004634922,0.0005103028],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1828569,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8922407,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01169003914829048,"score_gpt":0.1993105154826529,"score_spread":0.1876204763343624,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}