{"id":"W3125311778","doi":"","title":"The Complementarity of Language and Other Human Capital: Immigrant Earnings in Canada","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Earnings; Immigration; Complementarity (molecular biology); Human capital; Census; Demographic economics; Language proficiency; Labour economics; Economics; Political science; Business; Sociology; Psychology; Economic growth; Demography; Accounting; Population; Mathematics education","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006251626,0.0002423058,0.0003639357,0.001150096,0.001786011,0.001511833,0.000525429,0.0002652263,0.002158334],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002483831,0.0001078366,0.0003043613,0.00237689,0.0009650472,0.0003753109,0.001161596,0.0004942771,0.0001199572],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01296364,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0158013,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9880162,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.994389,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994541,0.000047495,0.00001544021,0.00005106289,0.0001735611,0.0002582252],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985239,0.0002507425,0.0003045153,0.0000453362,0.0004676673,0.0004079406],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001206588,0.00003651951,0.9809079,0.00001749999,0.00004788145,0.0002155439,0.001530664,0.001022818,0.0002215013,0.001544122,0.0008811544,0.01345368],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004734979,0.00001169006,0.9959533,0.00002104767,0.00002371333,0.00003227419,0.001658648,0.000661938,0.0000961906,0.0001680135,0.001358889,0.000009492178],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959447,0.0004862438,0.00007135732,0.0004088219,0.000005419854,0.000005031694,0.0005350391,0.000003880893,0.002539373],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981,0.0002754722,0.00005523196,0.00002539673,0.000003604927,0.000001262341,0.0002644829,0.000001574389,0.001273028],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01296364,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09405828,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02899614652379608,"score_gpt":0.3309556222642114,"score_spread":0.3019594757404154,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}