{"id":"W3125375520","doi":"","title":"Are Health Insurance Markets Competitive","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"Northwestern University","keywords":"Ceteris paribus; Business; Consolidation (business); Bargaining power; Insurance policy; Market power; General insurance; Health care; Profit (economics); Actuarial science; Economics; Finance; Economic growth; Market economy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002698358,0.0005174701,0.001599799,0.001153559,0.0003856947,0.0001606982,0.001109937,0.0005126502,0.0001322222],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004658341,0.0007012214,0.0003610183,0.0003240625,0.0004242052,0.0001886605,0.001230045,0.002308684,0.0004286998],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002046082,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003273897,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005362848,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006628159,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9947944,0.0001763479,0.001733436,0.001717424,0.0001430091,0.00143544],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9964434,0.0002059374,0.001542147,0.001441919,0.0001152809,0.0002513397],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003656413,0.001237514,0.6223556,0.001217665,0.0003385759,0.0003733685,0.001831728,0.005709835,7.777908e-7,0.07861798,0.00268509,0.2852662],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001038798,0.0001093288,0.6240755,0.0005889194,0.000001323174,0.000008416599,0.0005397471,0.001806329,0.000004307326,0.01560064,0.3553088,0.0009178373],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3765308,0.004318109,0.00003150987,0.001539743,0.00183042,0.001860016,0.001633457,0.00007952396,0.6121764],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8030154,0.1904354,0.0005020055,0.0006779224,0.0003839061,0.0004050086,0.00008609651,0.0001117944,0.004382405],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.607794,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999993,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05045913365914505,"score_gpt":0.2943857264371738,"score_spread":0.2439265927780288,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}