{"id":"W3125375520","doi":"","title":"Are Health Insurance Markets Competitive","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"Northwestern University","keywords":"Ceteris paribus; Business; Consolidation (business); Bargaining power; Insurance policy; Market power; General insurance; Health care; Profit (economics); Actuarial science; Economics; Finance; Economic growth; Market economy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002416909,0.0002064199,0.0005286769,0.001428845,0.001647989,0.008162612,0.0009351069,0.002443295,0.0320737],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01341128,0.000317599,0.0003310005,0.001026198,0.002850679,0.008227677,0.002443867,0.00127975,0.001820309],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00141228,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001410713,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003541083,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003124685,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980146,0.0003683043,0.00004406367,0.0003124161,0.0005148017,0.000745902],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9891307,0.004371553,0.003671974,0.0004180379,0.0007099311,0.001697731],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005422432,0.0004606674,0.06226471,0.0002041809,0.0001510223,0.0008162551,0.004109976,0.001463759,0.0009074229,0.8235851,0.0364387,0.06905601],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008092586,0.0003723814,0.09766697,0.0003094138,0.0001162152,0.0009986684,0.01836424,0.007978429,0.0008881366,0.7503219,0.1220637,0.0001107299],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6482423,0.004605976,0.003894462,0.03785564,0.0002199529,0.0001215067,0.001083658,0.00008461027,0.3038918],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939831,0.0006532132,0.0002154798,0.001687246,0.0003538105,0.00003242959,0.0001730862,0.000009478009,0.002892199],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0320737,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1072972,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05045913365914505,"score_gpt":0.2943857264371738,"score_spread":0.2439265927780288,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}