{"id":"W3125558827","doi":"10.54648/woco2019007","title":"Collective Certification in UK Competition Law: Commonality, Costs and Funding","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Competition","topic":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Certification; Damages; Tribunal; Appeal; Competition (biology); Business; Law and economics; Class action; Collective action; Law; Economics; Political science; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01086215,0.0003890789,0.0005698326,0.002245559,0.008009887,0.0204441,0.001606675,0.01568487,0.005359235],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03467155,0.0004842708,0.0006225589,0.001908135,0.01904625,0.006253236,0.005266562,0.009839458,0.0008300055],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02910435,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01667114,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2307369,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2590245,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9751112,0.00661247,0.001366093,0.002359598,0.01016143,0.004389201],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9809502,0.01163253,0.00132772,0.001423768,0.003855137,0.0008107036],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002266345,0.00001254764,0.0008277282,0.00005857259,0.000006058108,0.0003574749,0.003737054,0.0003428702,0.0001761832,0.9503166,0.03164669,0.0124955],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006212081,0.0001560906,0.01003852,0.001285887,0.00004853825,0.001030718,0.006790207,0.002191733,0.0008393784,0.2700535,0.7072156,0.0002876854],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.09514598,0.01750809,0.009272182,0.1681353,0.003161556,0.0001599061,0.0001865059,0.0001189657,0.7063115],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8965456,0.002387963,0.002408065,0.03699947,0.0008872001,0.0001392426,0.00007046884,0.00005247443,0.06050949],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2307369,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4587877,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0255172621663738,"score_gpt":0.2396999436954863,"score_spread":0.2141826815291125,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}