{"id":"W3125611772","doi":"","title":"Cash in Circulation and the Shadow Economy: An Empirical Investigation for Euro Area Countries and Beyond","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Corporate Taxation and Avoidance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Shadow (psychology); Cointegration; Cash; Economics; Economy; Circulation (fluid dynamics); Panel data; Macroeconomics; Econometrics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008056026,0.0002627143,0.0004863138,0.001627515,0.0002663199,0.002038006,0.0002284814,0.0003565994,0.003483381],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003260334,0.0001110096,0.0003556301,0.002395042,0.0006897377,0.001727391,0.000926481,0.0004814184,0.0002615796],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003950668,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002570126,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005064264,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002285106,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997286,0.00007482637,0.00002726623,0.00005766935,0.00003962199,0.00007203603],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9945182,0.00263623,0.001786271,0.0003349399,0.0003559849,0.0003683015],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004728376,0.0001428755,0.9603807,0.0001158589,0.0001986788,0.001001438,0.001010477,0.005250318,0.0008788703,0.008621486,0.001405369,0.02052126],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002764193,0.0001273133,0.9785423,0.0000929497,0.0001347122,0.0003029037,0.002828731,0.009436917,0.0008640806,0.002518594,0.005103629,0.00002030029],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.996834,0.0006646151,0.0002395827,0.00007106901,0.000006273676,0.000003714928,0.0001914692,0.000007050818,0.001982211],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989588,0.0003024383,0.00006559645,0.00001044805,0.00001326278,0.00000185764,0.0003625345,0.000002855705,0.0002822605],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005064264,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01165307,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05787934028747783,"score_gpt":0.3043646249992752,"score_spread":0.2464852847117974,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}