{"id":"W3125772739","doi":"10.3386/w14312","title":"How Much Does Immigration Boost Innovation?","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":79,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Immigration; Demographic economics; Economic geography; Geography; Economics; Archaeology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005195814,0.0001985593,0.0003698095,0.001228973,0.0007907831,0.000347759,0.0007762942,0.0005671944,0.000531566],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001530473,0.0001966191,0.0001456778,0.0004526621,0.0007743089,0.0006112708,0.0002770811,0.0008213839,0.0001189804],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001428775,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004062468,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01106972,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02353881,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966288,0.0004743256,0.0007148118,0.0006172103,0.001109395,0.0004554831],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9954833,0.0007415938,0.0004817763,0.0003438281,0.002843651,0.0001058071],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002248202,0.00007485769,0.003295667,0.00005372015,0.00007384098,6.388112e-7,0.006864019,0.000186758,0.0001096137,0.9423713,0.04628006,0.0006670107],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002515258,0.00002968856,0.001398885,0.0000406733,0.000005596268,7.745319e-7,0.004101706,0.0004960418,0.0007486391,0.9613885,0.03126572,0.0002722502],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4481323,0.0003610057,0.0001877347,0.03525138,0.001641704,0.001796828,0.000207955,0.00008443618,0.5123367],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9772351,0.00222844,0.0004979564,0.00006761235,0.002158191,0.0001893777,0.0006910957,0.00002259477,0.01690961],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5291029,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9955156,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2592401058653806,"score_gpt":0.4896963116924925,"score_spread":0.2304562058271119,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}