{"id":"W3125832735","doi":"10.2196/22148","title":"Machine Learning Approach to Decision Making for Insulin Initiation in Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (JDDM 58): Model Development and Validation Study","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JMIR Medical Informatics","topic":"Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients","field":"Medicine","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","keywords":"Machine learning; Logistic regression; Artificial intelligence; Receiver operating characteristic; Gold standard (test); Medicine; Diabetes mellitus; F1 score; Insulin; Artificial neural network; Computer science; Internal medicine; Endocrinology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002882845,0.0001542157,0.0003298162,0.0001410889,0.00009242209,0.00003856684,0.00006305854,0.0001292566,0.00001810713],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009117005,0.0001163341,0.00002231382,0.0002797912,0.00002390209,0.0001635119,0.0000856769,0.0002587247,0.000004470902],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006874973,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000189311,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001443323,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006499984,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982533,0.00002921556,0.0006284874,0.0001603793,0.0006799069,0.0002487422],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990654,0.0001684115,0.00007945662,0.0001242916,0.0003497704,0.0002126865],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0024601,0.003716854,0.7314109,0.0009860338,0.0001348098,0.00001286207,0.06392279,0.001850953,0.00001177377,0.000114525,0.00008445095,0.195294],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02784961,0.003175166,0.08296519,0.001676132,0.0001621306,0.00001051976,0.01047713,0.8715122,0.00008326237,0.0001411332,0.001333902,0.0006136685],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.992611,0.00003610467,0.005445482,0.00005056642,0.00004886324,0.00111501,0.000004864564,0.00002691436,0.0006611816],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9736474,0.000008445501,0.02502802,0.0007277741,0.00002202844,0.0001806786,0.000344443,0.00001492395,0.00002633591],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8696612,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4743966,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02050052845179775,"score_gpt":0.299700178859337,"score_spread":0.2791996504075392,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}