{"id":"W3126005484","doi":"10.29173/alr1287","title":"Empirical Study of Civil Justice Systems: A Look at the Literature","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Alberta Law Review","topic":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"University of Toronto; York University; American Bar Foundation; Harvard University; U.S. Department of Justice","keywords":"Empirical research; Economic Justice; Empirical legal studies; Law; Product liability; Legal profession; Political science; Civil procedure; Legal liability; Product (mathematics); Malpractice; Civil law (Civil law); Sociology; Liability; Commercial law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001044662,0.0002021988,0.001105996,0.00004322389,0.0001940944,0.00008555077,0.0004518505,0.000110601,0.0005117963],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001640368,0.0001813851,0.0002267372,0.000267366,0.0001230396,0.0002180455,0.0001322586,0.0001656088,0.001794306],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001472048,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001611534,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005457199,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02541007,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975435,0.0001122998,0.001498722,0.0004883414,0.00005677578,0.0003003777],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978605,0.0003169898,0.0007739836,0.0008949914,0.00005470477,0.00009882319],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003085451,0.0009421089,0.03025397,0.007626041,0.0005407543,0.000007537796,0.005553547,0.0001352667,0.000001121724,0.8427805,0.1116126,0.0005157134],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000471856,0.0001173179,0.0004377675,0.001306839,0.0001336147,0.0000236252,0.0001154393,0.00009153171,0.000001204826,0.0006507707,0.9963843,0.0002657429],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06765695,0.6021783,0.000009682187,0.003813676,0.00117555,0.002208079,0.00009278119,0.00002400998,0.322841],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9652238,0.02556191,0.00000477059,0.003725432,0.0005847982,0.0001331976,0.00001661042,0.00003486614,0.004714607],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8975669,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989829,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03707974248569461,"score_gpt":0.2671866673805742,"score_spread":0.2301069248948796,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}