{"id":"W3126904475","doi":"10.1017/s0305000920000768","title":"Phonetic discrimination, phonological awareness, and pre-literacy skills in Spanish–English dual language preschoolers","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Child Language","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Linguistics; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Dual language; Variation (astronomy); Phonological awareness; Phonemic awareness; Literacy; Mathematics education; Pedagogy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003336438,0.000200957,0.0003648468,0.000212343,0.00006479651,0.0001085549,0.0001808269,0.0001502736,0.002028548],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005891905,0.0001633915,0.0001030653,0.0002895263,0.00006838435,0.0003103792,0.00008705885,0.0004713835,0.00001496523],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004205634,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009060294,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001092689,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001782745,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983461,0.0002110155,0.0005586882,0.0002760949,0.000280799,0.0003272428],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990811,0.0001429401,0.0002563577,0.0002372415,0.0001490434,0.0001333467],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000537493,0.002367043,0.1770248,0.0001557324,0.0003994131,0.01375022,0.7245923,0.00003789593,0.003921961,0.001159304,0.01344247,0.0626114],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004252162,0.000130254,0.9315039,0.0002424971,0.0000730937,0.000883566,0.05587414,0.000007640871,0.002263312,0.0001672986,0.004226711,0.0003754095],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9786493,0.01135209,0.00007029811,0.0006007812,0.0007593968,0.0001231088,0.00001418675,0.00002829542,0.00840258],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963653,0.0001560773,0.0005433251,0.0009123366,0.0003843383,0.000006585888,0.00004272967,0.00002363044,0.00156565],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7544791,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988837,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00480143017227141,"score_gpt":0.2828393319828454,"score_spread":0.278037901810574,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}