{"id":"W3127107429","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105405","title":"COVID-19 and small enterprises in the food supply chain: Early impacts and implications for longer-term food system resilience in low- and middle-income countries","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Development","topic":"COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":175,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Global Affairs Canada; Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken; Irish Aid","keywords":"Business; Pandemic; Food security; Supply chain; Staffing; Production (economics); Psychological resilience; Sustainability; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Agricultural economics; Economics; Marketing; Geography; Agriculture","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009705564,0.0001951821,0.0003709836,0.0004219947,0.0001847994,0.000219629,0.0001849238,0.00006556344,0.000006885601],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006349836,0.0001910267,0.00002585671,0.0004196608,0.00008864181,0.0001578927,0.0001494686,0.0001207634,0.000003450466],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005280461,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003993679,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007423833,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007247264,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983419,0.00003608222,0.0006514756,0.0005171597,0.0000479437,0.0004054331],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998554,0.000676806,0.0002460942,0.0002839925,0.0000313787,0.0002077122],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003448253,0.00003238456,0.9734092,0.001138091,0.00002506228,0.000007339756,0.01147025,0.000007481509,0.000003558633,0.01367537,0.00003063044,0.0001661861],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001244875,0.00007432215,0.9926112,0.0004591719,0.000004393859,0.00003632374,0.0006400137,0.00004283357,0.00005129578,0.001511188,0.003078498,0.0002459299],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9869856,0.006874818,0.0008462732,0.004101679,0.00007860744,0.0007690045,0.0001706243,0.00002074931,0.000152675],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968143,0.0004159091,0.0007160964,0.001663768,0.00002021961,0.0002362965,0.00001264846,0.00001613609,0.0001046135],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01920199,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7789841,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04671667916998838,"score_gpt":0.2602366810385581,"score_spread":0.2135200018685697,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}