{"id":"W3128474450","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.01.014","title":"Futuristic applications of hydrogen in energy, biorefining, aerospace, pharmaceuticals and metallurgy","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","topic":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":352,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Renewable energy; Aerospace; Fossil fuel; Waste management; Syngas; Petrochemical; Hydrogen fuel; Environmental science; Process engineering; Hydrogen; Engineering; Fuel cells; Chemistry; Chemical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004440757,0.0002804423,0.0006411193,0.0006127731,0.0000433668,0.00005330468,0.0006454526,0.0001476947,0.0003151423],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001362284,0.0002690387,0.0002731992,0.0004972005,0.0001507881,0.0002371686,0.0002145243,0.0001849522,0.000005623002],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001834997,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003112156,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002041529,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001444131,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99684,0.0002640973,0.001347438,0.0003489183,0.0008712161,0.0003283577],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976927,0.0002407428,0.0008075527,0.0003016855,0.0007037897,0.000253534],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003132042,0.001267108,0.004258149,0.00006572816,0.004076085,0.002668599,0.0003541878,0.2659286,0.2797301,0.3449033,0.0007328594,0.09570213],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002030459,0.00007637095,0.0001260737,0.0001588666,0.0001418691,0.002155698,0.0001696468,0.008538657,0.4381516,0.005406966,0.5426674,0.0003763881],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.900969,0.04188629,0.02483142,0.002143565,0.002381044,0.0001277573,0.0001039547,0.00008800486,0.02746896],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943721,0.002550716,0.0006800689,0.0002955818,0.0006960478,0.00002898778,0.00004461612,0.00005279838,0.001279033],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5419345,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999762,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01501762295114854,"score_gpt":0.280545254109873,"score_spread":0.2655276311587245,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}