{"id":"W3130804648","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124891","title":"Process development for tall oil lignin production","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bioresource Technology","topic":"Lignin and Wood Chemistry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Lignin; Softwood; Black liquor; Chemistry; Sulfur; Kraft process; Carboxylate; Vulcanization; Pulp and paper industry; Organic chemistry; Tall oil; Kraft paper; Natural rubber","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004014796,0.0001124851,0.0001160612,0.00007187228,0.00005113445,0.000009036631,0.0001311393,0.0002126039,0.000004919067],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004504661,0.0001190073,0.00002429954,0.0002708738,0.00004000849,0.00001904775,0.00003317493,0.0001069353,0.00002037861],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004603957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004093696,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":1.279538e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000188671,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993495,0.000001824097,0.0001423162,0.0002156815,0.0000641451,0.0002265698],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996757,0.000006397435,0.00001850173,0.000204494,0.00006521647,0.00002971147],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002256858,0.00005733821,0.0005048575,0.0005409875,0.00006386461,0.00001214868,0.0003230741,0.0001981258,0.9561815,0.0001278156,0.01833044,0.02365762],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001326796,0.000006850387,0.000009007035,0.00002902695,0.000006097371,0.00003166897,0.0002747319,0.00006560889,0.8741158,0.0001150049,0.125079,0.0001344523],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9931846,0.0009294495,0.0001738361,0.0008165602,0.0002144967,0.00006972891,0.000003282321,0.00150559,0.003102509],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933107,0.00001903662,0.004452632,0.00002304971,0.0001257396,0.0001636605,0.00002299648,0.00003211477,0.001850106],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1067486,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4852977,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007295703156934054,"score_gpt":0.2091945919784817,"score_spread":0.2018988888215477,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}