{"id":"W3130804648","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124891","title":"Process development for tall oil lignin production","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bioresource Technology","topic":"Lignin and Wood Chemistry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Lignin; Softwood; Black liquor; Chemistry; Sulfur; Kraft process; Carboxylate; Vulcanization; Pulp and paper industry; Organic chemistry; Tall oil; Kraft paper; Natural rubber","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004875877,0.0004992718,0.0003002738,0.0005939909,0.0004606261,0.0006525129,0.0005346353,0.0004251609,0.001874576],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004950249,0.0002370322,0.0004226634,0.0007536644,0.0001988554,0.0007698999,0.0005276453,0.001207758,0.0009006882],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006851932,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001584852,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002169086,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004678178,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996991,0.00002403707,0.00001977748,0.00004230235,0.0001487538,0.00006607304],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998424,0.00002259414,0.00002911455,0.00001858423,0.00005874945,0.00002854669],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009145575,0.0001981654,0.0003374178,0.0002991926,0.00001652376,0.0001933282,0.0001224096,0.00205168,0.9547462,0.00164766,0.000289495,0.04000645],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001760132,0.0002446655,0.0006499092,0.0000188121,0.00002077217,0.0001097546,0.00005184726,0.002735177,0.9849492,0.0003753085,0.01081535,0.00001163826],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6765309,0.004628723,0.291971,0.0006294349,0.0001744961,0.0009422073,0.001382727,0.0009581553,0.02278234],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8158245,0.007561126,0.1636219,0.0001606401,0.00003784002,0.0003108389,0.001613685,0.0001506372,0.01071883],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002169086,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006271064,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007295703156934054,"score_gpt":0.2091945919784817,"score_spread":0.2018988888215477,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}