{"id":"W3131290383","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2021.116955","title":"Pilot-scale comparison of sodium silicates, orthophosphate and pH adjustment to reduce lead release from lead service lines","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Research","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University; Dalhousie University; University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Lead (geology); Scale (ratio); Chemistry; Sodium; Environmental science; Service (business); Business; Geology; Marketing; Geography; Organic chemistry; Geomorphology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004727388,0.0005218295,0.0005438822,0.0002248031,0.0002321809,0.0004284965,0.0005544527,0.0004733457,0.0008929163],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005967473,0.0002234347,0.0005203644,0.0003227025,0.0003329764,0.0002677893,0.0003510097,0.0004865203,0.000227927],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003526919,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004021408,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002682289,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005570152,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996705,0.00007609015,0.00003763012,0.00007564382,0.00009762894,0.00004256304],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994864,0.0001460525,0.0001032965,0.00003885815,0.0001587883,0.00006648243],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006496651,0.0004486735,0.000558026,0.0001413096,0.00001754988,0.0000487877,0.00004582341,0.0003489504,0.9956244,0.00001188175,0.00004325489,0.002061673],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001212271,0.01667783,0.006559877,0.000008647752,0.00007784016,0.00006159837,0.0001034521,0.0008720034,0.9744138,0.00002009913,0.001068229,0.0000154164],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982144,0.00009692348,0.000904795,0.00003298316,0.00001204108,0.0001684558,0.000226695,0.00003564433,0.0003081335],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9869133,0.0005069282,0.008506056,0.00007884108,0.0000195306,0.0003203675,0.0006413994,0.00004187063,0.002971684],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002682289,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005333304,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08408767453893423,"score_gpt":0.3540035344638661,"score_spread":0.2699158599249319,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}