{"id":"W3131623250","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2021.116930","title":"Adsorption of metals from oil sands process water (OSPW) under natural pH by sludge-based Biochar/Chitosan composite","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Research","topic":"Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":169,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Alberta Innovates; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Imperial Oil Limited; Syncrude; Alberta Environment and Parks; Suncor Energy Incorporated; Canadian Natural Resources Limited","keywords":"Biochar; Adsorption; Chitosan; Composite number; Chemistry; Wastewater; Chemical engineering; Nuclear chemistry; Chemical oxygen demand; Pulp and paper industry; Environmental chemistry; Pyrolysis; Waste management; Materials science; Organic chemistry; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003959203,0.0002055798,0.0003022915,0.0002006543,0.00006713746,0.0000978868,0.0003116934,0.000162228,0.0004628127],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001568479,0.0001432531,0.00009890487,0.0002356314,0.0001013066,0.000217249,0.0001057339,0.0005533949,0.0001088807],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007677638,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000279333,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001130595,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002646371,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978126,0.0001896893,0.0003105575,0.0003611399,0.0006911131,0.0006348938],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992025,0.00005070526,0.00001556138,0.0004110786,0.0002243012,0.00009580775],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004755584,0.00005663111,0.0001137159,0.0002387874,0.00007900273,0.000008204319,0.0002804746,0.0009622988,0.996647,0.000007422431,0.0006989083,0.0008599917],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003878361,0.00004113993,0.0000909397,0.0001187191,0.000011979,0.000001851203,0.00004228255,0.001797197,0.9959752,0.0007924325,0.0005311231,0.0002092739],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954876,0.0009085126,0.001453745,0.0003473425,0.0001410398,0.000109568,0.00006827072,0.0002730577,0.001210852],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974205,0.0001291722,0.0007675465,0.00005170219,0.00006528462,0.00008209057,0.0008523979,0.00006840648,0.0005629347],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001932852,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5841691,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02454090323246578,"score_gpt":0.306570773028308,"score_spread":0.2820298697958423,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}