{"id":"W3131633532","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3773605","title":"Identity During a Pandemic: COVID-19 and Ethnic Divisions in the United States","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Culture, Economy, and Development Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Pandemic; Ethnic group; 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Identity (music); Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Political science; Genealogy; Geography; History; Virology; Medicine; Law; Outbreak; Infectious disease (medical specialty)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002891205,0.00007768798,0.0001170005,0.00008112389,0.001381615,0.0001388074,0.000183131,0.0000463588,0.0000371597],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004635924,0.00005693509,0.00004204287,0.0005237403,0.0001243122,0.0002405351,0.00006392942,0.0008231397,0.000004627462],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007154497,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001924639,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002381546,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2792556,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998156,0.0003222319,0.000185055,0.000137996,0.0002102797,0.0009885132],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995133,0.0002061791,0.00007324131,0.00006289008,0.00005563288,0.00008878863],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002802077,0.0001129481,0.5607371,0.00002032639,0.0002705748,0.00005508331,0.1643375,0.00007328101,0.0000398007,0.271143,0.0005759367,0.002606371],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007318539,0.00002251501,0.1366575,0.00001720635,0.00002596196,0.0001650544,0.4243899,0.000004930047,0.000002777746,0.4044,0.03341499,0.0001673016],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9809199,0.008198396,0.0003307864,0.009485417,0.00007116745,0.00008008778,0.000001625361,0.00001882895,0.0008937962],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8808976,0.1171666,0.00001074817,0.000863646,0.00009717352,0.000005092451,0.000003821043,0.00000357251,0.0009517185],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4240796,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999185,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0565521340315862,"score_gpt":0.367772084911309,"score_spread":0.3112199508797228,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}