{"id":"W3131749160","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3627498","title":"Institutional Investment Horizons, Corporate Governance, and Credit Ratings: International Evidence","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Corporate Finance and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College Saint-Jean; University of Alberta; Saint Mary's University","funders":"","keywords":"Corporate governance; Business; Accounting; Institutional investor; Financial system; Credit rating; Investment (military); Finance; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003344819,0.0002653368,0.0003822817,0.001583539,0.0003864049,0.002017283,0.000521228,0.0009089235,0.009151622],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01845038,0.0001728135,0.0003100546,0.003363971,0.001053145,0.001621972,0.0006917588,0.001264542,0.0008580904],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000460628,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003686153,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005650211,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008456783,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992934,0.0002411191,0.00007245337,0.0001240024,0.0001450809,0.0001238829],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9388781,0.02485479,0.02799984,0.001968055,0.002961984,0.003337277],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001088134,0.0002842154,0.948546,0.0002134998,0.0003668033,0.000188729,0.0003858986,0.0004346627,0.0001271012,0.004336938,0.00306144,0.04096661],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005644631,0.0001250456,0.9927747,0.0001910862,0.000231017,0.0001536116,0.0004501269,0.0003064158,0.0001642969,0.001834916,0.003696867,0.00001550863],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9162239,0.0325282,0.0006105982,0.003566066,0.0001191433,0.00002818046,0.002124042,0.0000208051,0.04477914],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934388,0.004538568,0.00007770123,0.0001455483,0.0001647285,0.000003677779,0.0007011134,0.000004467207,0.0009254185],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009151622,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03061515,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02683176386782533,"score_gpt":0.2161676317581876,"score_spread":0.1893358678903623,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}