{"id":"W3133304533","doi":"10.1109/tse.2021.3058985","title":"A Study of C/C++ Code Weaknesses on Stack Overflow","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","topic":"Software Engineering Research","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; Polytechnique Montréal; University of Manitoba; Concordia University; Huawei Technologies (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Notation; Computer science; Code (set theory); Stack (abstract data type); Programming language; Mathematical notation; Software; Theoretical computer science; Mathematics; Arithmetic","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001799185,0.0002651773,0.0003128669,0.0003790049,0.00009277453,0.00008815587,0.0005912341,0.00008825731,0.0000407039],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002658631,0.0002915667,0.0001181022,0.001200183,0.00001519391,0.0002781231,0.00001080307,0.0004850907,0.0000414482],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001232612,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001163556,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001378921,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001281084,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979761,0.00004703065,0.0003232278,0.0005438633,0.0007083091,0.0004014541],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972559,0.001305225,0.00003978315,0.001075614,0.0001756244,0.0001478399],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001560953,0.001037542,0.0006261266,0.00009592081,0.000137032,0.0001958508,0.001023833,0.9895487,0.001127787,0.0001125839,0.00007657841,0.006002466],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006974951,0.004474043,0.03898213,0.001265102,0.0001467867,0.0002990971,0.0009471172,0.1530268,0.7883785,0.00005789692,0.00257567,0.002871907],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2998368,0.00004150505,0.6984506,0.00001958073,0.0008035137,0.0001636021,0.00001540895,0.0006606645,0.000008239607],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9731852,0.00001632548,0.02644163,0.00002157505,0.00003518593,0.00007645645,9.604538e-7,0.00005008762,0.0001725537],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8365219,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999536,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02446365343770417,"score_gpt":0.2654175070133998,"score_spread":0.2409538535756957,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}