{"id":"W3133415675","doi":"10.3847/1538-3881/ae03ab","title":"UNIONS: The Ultraviolet Near-infrared Optical Northern Survey","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Photocathodes and Microchannel Plates","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Planetary Science Division; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Canadian Space Agency; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem; Toray Science Foundation; High Energy Accelerator Research Organization; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; National Central University; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Queen's University; Cabinet Office, Government of Japan; Science Mission Directorate; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; University of Hawai'i; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Queen's University Belfast; Academia Sinica; European Commission; Space Telescope Science Institute; Canarie; Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales; Los Alamos National Laboratory; European Space Agency; Johns Hopkins University; Princeton University; Japan Science and Technology Agency; Smithsonian Institution; Canadian Foundation for AIDS Research; HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; National Science Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Durham University","keywords":"Ultraviolet; Infrared; Remote sensing; Geography; Optics; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006084646,0.0001264657,0.0001390733,0.00002249696,0.0002720385,0.0001998122,0.000487385,0.00004973556,0.0000402264],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004662142,0.00006978158,0.00009164336,0.0000970999,0.0001244075,0.00005695311,0.00004258309,0.0006042844,0.00006289328],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006697054,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006334318,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002891329,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006387671,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992322,0.00009371111,0.0002354295,0.00008080729,0.00006513757,0.0002927044],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993128,0.000332854,0.00002652373,0.0002221576,0.00003279053,0.00007294091],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006067095,0.000249055,0.05908397,0.0000349427,0.00149902,0.00001301785,0.002362719,0.7478403,0.07197116,0.002457305,0.05416664,0.0597152],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00253513,0.0001518962,0.8294676,0.0002264763,0.0002292513,0.0003013982,0.001886971,0.09596236,0.02672616,0.006604005,0.03507651,0.0008322484],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.984208,0.000349772,0.01342183,0.0004698113,0.0004027221,0.0001183014,0.00001599683,0.00004284256,0.0009706516],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999181,0.00003434676,0.0003556771,0.00008165091,0.000141495,0.000006116308,0.000006410221,0.00001550518,0.0001777773],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7703836,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.284561,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008883164312372243,"score_gpt":0.216524637814766,"score_spread":0.2076414735023938,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}