{"id":"W3134139813","doi":"10.1063/5.0062486","title":"Non-adiabatic single-electron pumps in a dopant-free GaAs/AlGaAs 2DEG","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Physics Letters","topic":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo; Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Canada First Research Excellence Fund; European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research; Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","keywords":"Dopant; Adiabatic process; Gallium arsenide; Optoelectronics; Materials science; Electron; Condensed matter physics; Doping; Physics; Thermodynamics; Nuclear physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001598074,0.0002143912,0.0002576232,0.0001236218,0.0001638017,0.000387832,0.0003888412,0.0001734861,0.0008610701],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001789972,0.0001555005,0.00009617227,0.0001687747,0.000362611,0.0004305899,0.0002538522,0.0002954868,0.0002344226],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002982992,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002123139,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005060707,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009494817,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998978,0.00001170821,0.000006159224,0.00002038611,0.00004001698,0.00002375593],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999106,0.000022234,0.00002341068,0.00001691647,0.00001287164,0.00001405735],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007037043,0.00002360191,0.0003140491,0.00004349062,0.000005276896,0.00006749939,0.00004900977,0.000813498,0.9953319,0.001600133,0.00004789931,0.001633184],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002537825,0.00014398,0.0009098229,0.000005371302,0.000007895836,0.0000575718,0.00002077564,0.009640644,0.9877873,0.0002884636,0.001101149,0.00001161828],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9953895,0.0001126619,0.003530128,0.00006546176,0.0000212268,0.00001203455,0.00005701688,0.00006254881,0.0007493062],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957742,0.00009360249,0.003388356,0.00001102727,0.000004673002,0.00001104841,0.00002162997,0.00001257487,0.0006829927],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0008610701,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002880573,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007610842116355879,"score_gpt":0.1963770258210933,"score_spread":0.1887661837047374,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}