{"id":"W3134618043","doi":"10.1038/s43247-021-00121-x","title":"Global patterns of nitrate isotope composition in rivers and adjacent aquifers reveal reactive nitrogen cascading","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Communications Earth & Environment","topic":"Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":131,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; International Atomic Energy Agency; Fondo de Financiamiento de Centros de Investigación en Áreas Prioritarias; British Geological Survey; Academy of Finland; Natural Environment Research Council; UK Research and Innovation; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Sight Research UK; Fondazione Cariplo; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Biogeochemical cycle; Nitrate; Aquifer; Environmental chemistry; Isotopes of nitrogen; Environmental science; Nitrogen; Isotope analysis; Stable isotope ratio; Reactive nitrogen; δ15N; Nitrogen cycle; Pollution; Hydrology (agriculture); Groundwater; Chemistry; Ecology; Geology; Biology; δ13C","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001233964,0.0000956343,0.0001364674,0.00002420402,0.0001075219,0.000021899,0.0002057517,0.0000440704,0.0002270019],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004745072,0.0001004387,0.00003461489,0.00008176262,0.0001151421,0.0001172982,0.00009448174,0.0001090009,0.00002212666],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002140247,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002300585,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001320579,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008972792,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991848,0.0001437553,0.0002057143,0.0001842468,0.000123152,0.0001583083],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992568,0.00004926349,0.00006947451,0.000539602,0.00001154939,0.00007325489],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001251842,0.00005465466,0.9922801,0.00001223367,0.00001805927,0.00000700826,0.0002453829,0.0004868337,0.002125658,0.00003880649,0.000006695491,0.004712],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003474007,0.00003273347,0.9899531,0.00004464328,0.00002030715,0.00003052149,0.0008806927,0.0009107295,0.006278752,0.0003462087,0.001032996,0.0001219375],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945081,0.00116821,0.0001322407,0.0002563168,0.00001721898,0.0001278348,0.0001762931,0.000006787997,0.003607007],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957816,0.001418597,0.002210894,0.00006152948,0.000006739982,0.000003226787,0.0004766029,0.000001996259,0.0000388362],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004590062,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.409577,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01503645933928383,"score_gpt":0.2106386965177339,"score_spread":0.19560223717845,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}