{"id":"W3135332239","doi":"10.51845/34s.1.18","title":"Citations and Gamed Metrics: Academic Integrity Lost","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Academic Questions","topic":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Thompson Rivers University","funders":"","keywords":"Academic integrity; Currency; Incentive; Higher education; Analytics; Citation; Citation analysis; Sociology; Political science; Social science; Library science; Economics; Data science; Computer science; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","bibliometrics","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["bibliometrics"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0143889,0.0001833363,0.0003432924,0.0290297,0.0004270545,0.0007189692,0.001490589,0.0005580946,0.0008073985],"category_scores_gemma":[0.2124167,0.0001483206,0.0001202446,0.1639026,0.0004006809,0.0009579256,0.0009133536,0.003260637,0.00110106],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001537343,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006644644,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006665435,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001974276,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9921579,0.0005824193,0.0009716754,0.0009364362,0.004717354,0.0006342558],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9821417,0.01232772,0.0002566539,0.0007150155,0.003783198,0.0007757329],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001148008,0.0001323726,0.4709722,0.00001401518,0.00005248959,0.00005216264,0.0008023314,0.00002695171,0.007681854,0.1316175,0.1352728,0.2533638],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005821268,0.00007132033,0.4528726,0.00005870303,0.00004308605,0.0001542103,0.00174203,0.006092782,0.002089886,0.3485717,0.18726,0.0004615538],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8810912,0.02716007,0.03757967,0.03810421,0.001465451,0.0004337499,0.0002567613,0.0001416773,0.01376725],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9752271,0.009425517,0.004136466,0.0009078525,0.0002009432,0.00002425069,0.00001787319,0.00001577577,0.01004429],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2529023,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996767,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.6089707887367589,"score_gpt":0.6080250362803373,"score_spread":0.0009457524564215891,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}