{"id":"W3135526486","doi":"10.1007/s10584-021-03037-9","title":"Spatial and temporal changes in climate extremes over northwestern North America: the influence of internal climate variability and external forcing","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climatic Change","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions; University of Victoria; Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Climatology; Precipitation; Environmental science; Coupled model intercomparison project; Climate change; Forcing (mathematics); Climate model; Meteorology; Geography; Geology; Oceanography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007706083,0.0002238673,0.0003762417,0.00004171873,0.0001279032,0.00005860102,0.0001962671,0.00007111504,0.0003846792],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001095329,0.0001739419,0.00004900897,0.000223977,0.0004863967,0.0003361879,0.001013989,0.0001990013,0.000006890653],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007845197,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001004492,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004366208,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04045767,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980844,0.0001877864,0.0004821015,0.0004996321,0.0002842733,0.0004617934],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988693,0.0003427034,0.000244242,0.0004209815,0.00002002229,0.0001027549],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004018453,0.00009870681,0.9849361,0.0002436111,0.00000621259,0.0000160461,0.005355984,0.0001301413,0.001254137,0.00002377772,0.000001184083,0.007893913],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004682513,0.00007592761,0.9801447,0.0002041082,0.00003170433,0.000026836,0.0004406184,0.01784992,0.0000844184,0.0004113544,0.00007396501,0.0001882268],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987114,0.00008625607,0.0001604313,0.0002746374,0.0000721504,0.0004044429,0.0001097688,0.00001787069,0.000163037],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979858,0.0008072862,0.0005648833,0.0004895867,0.00004554999,0.00007231186,0.00001427973,0.0000148318,0.000005507022],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03609147,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9770515,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02699397788097061,"score_gpt":0.2506041118766682,"score_spread":0.2236101339956976,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}