{"id":"W3135708166","doi":"10.1145/3454122.3454124","title":"The SPACE of Developer Productivity","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Queue","topic":"Software Engineering Research","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":133,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Productivity; Computer science; Space (punctuation); Dimension (graph theory); Metric (unit); Work (physics); Software; Software engineering; Industrial engineering; Operations management; Engineering; Programming language; Mathematics; Operating system; Mechanical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003051927,0.00003442318,0.00004662494,0.000014129,0.00004751338,0.0000415608,0.0003743334,0.00001426918,0.000004108612],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001497577,0.00002434683,0.00001624473,0.000354721,0.00002716167,0.00008592536,0.0002206764,0.0000793007,0.00002192833],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001824065,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001873051,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001305385,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001211393,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994596,0.00003779619,0.00005435341,0.0001409412,0.0001803489,0.00012697],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989256,0.0004000848,0.00001153558,0.0004942243,0.0001447217,0.00002388496],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009834685,0.0001586477,0.08132228,0.0001608021,0.0001177627,0.0001722197,0.003440582,0.001224256,0.08340956,0.4796946,0.02596455,0.3243249],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001046956,0.00002215115,0.1766739,0.00002105138,0.000001227877,0.00003733655,0.00002266263,0.002001179,0.7148919,0.001936024,0.1041504,0.0001374578],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4566374,0.001360703,0.5203083,0.01821459,0.001316232,0.0001698599,9.805387e-7,0.0002563494,0.001735661],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9708412,0.00001379097,0.02662483,0.00001179466,0.00005132524,0.000005562481,1.651074e-7,0.000004442123,0.002446934],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6314823,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1792848,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01532700462537651,"score_gpt":0.2553325923800361,"score_spread":0.2400055877546596,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}