{"id":"W3136290802","doi":"10.1177/0975425321997973","title":"Urban Sprawl and Land Cover in Post-apartheid Johannesburg and the Gauteng City-Region, 1990–2018","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environment and Urbanization Asia","topic":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Institute on Governance","funders":"","keywords":"Urban sprawl; Urbanization; Geography; Context (archaeology); Economic growth; Population; Economic geography; Politics; Population growth; Urban planning; Political science; Development economics; Environmental planning; Sociology; Economics; Archaeology; Civil engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001984177,0.0001338647,0.0001282436,0.00101426,0.0006957395,0.0009070457,0.0002524437,0.0002313537,0.001702958],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009160418,0.0001421486,0.0001329296,0.001995625,0.0005452374,0.0006718321,0.00115116,0.0004229788,0.0002072745],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00214962,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001120607,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1436107,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3336129,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998738,0.00001726818,0.000009212456,0.00002229416,0.00001822811,0.00005929792],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997693,0.00002984863,0.0001107808,0.00001142241,0.00003160859,0.00004699517],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001539195,0.00009376476,0.8999453,0.0001936227,0.00008908918,0.001649874,0.06214589,0.0004883787,0.001250855,0.006140424,0.003318227,0.02453059],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002671962,0.00001741262,0.970787,0.00005770187,0.000009211174,0.0001591467,0.01960595,0.00007084684,0.0001127549,0.000164176,0.009008631,0.000004442829],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965075,0.0006763962,0.00003044223,0.0002775443,0.0000079373,0.000009128271,0.0005237283,0.000001744924,0.001965599],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973505,0.0004688532,0.00004706676,0.00002331147,0.000006475906,0.00001292566,0.000432652,0.000001689863,0.001656619],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1436107,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2855496,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005206908751039466,"score_gpt":0.165644666084151,"score_spread":0.1604377573331116,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}