{"id":"W3137065093","doi":"10.1146/annurev-bioeng-062117-121238","title":"Therapeutic Agent Delivery Across the Blood–Brain Barrier Using Focused Ultrasound","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering","topic":"Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Sunnybrook Health Science Centre","funders":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","keywords":"Medicine; Microbubbles; Focused ultrasound; Drug delivery; Ultrasound; Blood–brain barrier; Biomedical engineering; Central nervous system; Pharmacology; Radiology; Internal medicine; Nanotechnology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003345981,0.0006498007,0.0009212936,0.001984643,0.000225486,0.0008065535,0.0004588346,0.0007993463,0.003079546],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003636899,0.000264996,0.0005499725,0.001224267,0.0002716302,0.0007789696,0.0004450515,0.0008935248,0.001925213],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003827975,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005338035,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000746393,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001089356,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998438,0.00002408164,0.00001799376,0.00002746797,0.00006764229,0.00001885489],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998716,0.0000645664,0.00002307853,0.000004083973,0.00002880868,0.000007709607],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005515822,0.00008917664,0.0001920714,0.02596395,0.00009809861,0.0002947021,0.00007938557,0.0006369952,0.02306184,0.003529323,0.01441338,0.9315859],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001181477,0.000211206,0.001150191,0.003203285,0.0001531977,0.002210201,0.00006990983,0.0002928225,0.009864651,0.001394323,0.9814093,0.00002906772],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005522558,0.996797,0.0004655572,0.0001783585,0.000129361,0.000009471904,0.00002277337,0.00001727979,0.001827895],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002006769,0.9965894,0.0003187264,0.00009221128,0.00007102495,0.0000109652,0.00002812368,0.00000223692,0.0008805078],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003079546,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01030207,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02183871596864455,"score_gpt":0.3016308778691453,"score_spread":0.2797921619005007,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}