{"id":"W3137329133","doi":"10.3386/w28545","title":"Licensing Life-Saving Drugs for Developing Countries: Evidence from the Medicines Patent Pool","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Intellectual Property and Patents","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; University of Toronto","keywords":"Business; Pharmacology; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004448676,0.0002455935,0.0004295443,0.0003359488,0.0005123281,0.0007354176,0.0009166231,0.0002453892,0.0005227868],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0069931,0.0001861188,0.0001787449,0.0001951358,0.0002184292,0.0006159472,0.001261987,0.0006654054,0.0001662687],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004621337,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001509294,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008887524,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005516898,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972377,0.00008744334,0.0007239119,0.000622806,0.0009131092,0.0004149835],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9916225,0.004569134,0.0004033635,0.0003357759,0.003048504,0.00002070776],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003776484,0.0003629955,0.02400802,0.01215891,0.003219506,0.00002791681,0.01699152,0.03554516,0.002473676,0.378361,0.5048537,0.01822109],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003101516,0.00008640823,0.008639842,0.02598197,0.0003971412,0.000004850517,0.01056123,0.3247291,0.003187968,0.5231527,0.09786978,0.002287521],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8365512,0.01018156,0.002317638,0.106587,0.006185784,0.005063506,0.0001294712,0.0001319791,0.03285177],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9900457,0.0008668465,0.0004498131,0.003046653,0.004659702,0.0001414799,0.0004976077,0.0000417187,0.0002504614],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4069839,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9977124,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.6274322070139489,"score_gpt":0.4368826435546385,"score_spread":0.1905495634593103,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}