{"id":"W3137902746","doi":"10.3390/languages6010051","title":"Morphosyntactic Development in First Generation Arabic—English Children: The Effect of Cognitive, Age, and Input Factors over Time and across Languages","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Languages","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University; University of Toronto; University of Alberta","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Age of Acquisition; Cognition; Psychology; Arabic; Sentence; Semitic languages; Linguistics; Heritage language; Cognitive skill; Developmental psychology; Neuroscience of multilingualism","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006690749,0.0004199026,0.000229568,0.0007500827,0.0006223854,0.0007605807,0.0002295761,0.0002378046,0.000819672],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001819748,0.0001811846,0.0002893776,0.0004002517,0.0003643203,0.0004245437,0.0005675196,0.0003771155,0.0002591696],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005528308,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005807265,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02861469,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04685418,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997817,0.0000427774,0.00001482275,0.00004850107,0.00005044025,0.00006187357],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989387,0.0001334397,0.0004347627,0.00005805341,0.0002447695,0.0001902817],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001624429,0.0001045124,0.9875326,0.00001353084,0.00002096085,0.0003097032,0.002585659,0.00003359609,0.002941469,0.00002971468,0.00006480077,0.006201117],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001026819,0.00009284276,0.9986124,0.000003135539,0.000005006006,0.0001557345,0.000666241,0.00001928053,0.0002974992,0.000008281071,0.0001356789,0.000002786538],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998092,0.00004673514,0.000009126979,0.000005541354,5.389153e-7,0.000001316152,0.00004479314,0.000001107478,0.00008170022],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994252,0.00007007592,0.000068942,0.000005714182,8.66284e-7,0.000005362549,0.0001195535,0.000001537725,0.0003028387],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02861469,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05689627,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00751264514338662,"score_gpt":0.2806092367595815,"score_spread":0.2730965916161949,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}