{"id":"W3138775569","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2021.03.099","title":"Understanding the nature of bio-asphaltenes produced during hydrothermal liquefaction","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Petroleum Processing and Analysis","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; National Research Council Canada","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; National Research Council Canada; Office of Energy Research and Development; Government of Canada","keywords":"Asphaltene; Liquefaction; Chemistry; Asphalt; Residue (chemistry); Chemical engineering; Hydrothermal liquefaction; Organic chemistry; Materials science; Catalysis; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000143084,0.0002272846,0.0001440855,0.0002299432,0.0001651223,0.0004792525,0.0001686259,0.0003451622,0.0008920718],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001924923,0.0001454236,0.0001180736,0.000182483,0.0002744204,0.000982349,0.0001704103,0.0005994778,0.0002513018],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003305978,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003357828,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001306169,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002222282,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999927,0.000004950891,0.000004363008,0.00001607657,0.00002466115,0.00002287274],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999298,0.0000182765,0.00002206686,0.000004131187,0.00001787646,0.00000786444],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009940175,0.00002770049,0.002224127,0.0001443587,0.000009076282,0.0001195627,0.00006689109,0.001031067,0.9881633,0.001042877,0.00006995093,0.007001802],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005593704,0.0000752148,0.01068703,0.00002130669,0.000009447558,0.0001638527,0.0002262567,0.005150112,0.9781462,0.0008376901,0.004666977,0.00001026888],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.988306,0.002395025,0.005840132,0.0002191973,0.00002034959,0.00001802977,0.0003956997,0.00001739357,0.002788083],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927952,0.002444091,0.002370695,0.00006279875,0.0000119383,0.00001204652,0.0003363605,0.000009360372,0.001957528],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001306169,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002984285,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01817211996084173,"score_gpt":0.2300550118773728,"score_spread":0.2118828919165311,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}