{"id":"W3138906107","doi":"","title":"Are All Outside Directors Created Equal With Respect to Firm Disclosure Policy","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Accounting; Audit; Homogeneous; Sample (material); Selection (genetic algorithm); Business; Voluntary disclosure; Association (psychology); Audit committee; Professional association; Public relations; Political science; Psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00421324,0.0001336037,0.0003845475,0.001021085,0.000872496,0.0036935,0.0003790843,0.0008254601,0.004933189],"category_scores_gemma":[0.030263,0.000155941,0.0001861917,0.001056899,0.001338159,0.001901648,0.001153107,0.0005446746,0.0005872348],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000692254,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007106237,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001129665,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001743479,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9956657,0.001647464,0.0002721586,0.0006107141,0.0007724757,0.001031538],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9439375,0.01715597,0.02858773,0.003470985,0.001761785,0.005086052],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004223596,0.0001841143,0.9376327,0.00005825036,0.0001047957,0.0002752336,0.001936953,0.0005604475,0.0009886685,0.01143558,0.002267505,0.04413348],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005516696,0.0001254344,0.9755325,0.0001019178,0.00008469722,0.0005497769,0.00382752,0.0006131884,0.001449448,0.008084906,0.009553757,0.00002171784],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9744524,0.000985569,0.0006144322,0.001910692,0.00004760101,0.00001190946,0.0001173657,0.00001237405,0.02184751],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986691,0.0001170124,0.00004220806,0.0001345132,0.00004402257,0.000003433951,0.00004519407,0.000002430607,0.0009420075],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004933189,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.022282,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008120520306470268,"score_gpt":0.2266704990070496,"score_spread":0.2185499787005793,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}