{"id":"W3139022070","doi":"10.3847/2041-8213/abe71d","title":"First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VII. Polarization of the Ring","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal Letters","topic":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":448,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto; Perimeter Institute; University of Waterloo; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; McGill University","funders":"Los Alamos National Laboratory; Office of International Science and Engineering; National Key Research and Development Program of China; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; National Nuclear Security Administration; Toray Science Foundation; East Asian Core Observatories Association; Institut Périmètre de physique théorique; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo; UK Research and Innovation; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Research Foundation of Korea; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; Generalitat Valenciana; Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología; National Science Foundation; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Academia Sinica; Vetenskapsrådet; International Max Planck Research School for Environmental, Cellular and Molecular Microbiology; Smithsonian Institution; U.S. Department of Energy; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council; European Southern Observatory; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; John Templeton Foundation; European Commission; Leverhulme Trust; National Radio Astronomy Observatory; Harvard University; Radboud Universiteit; National Research Foundation; Universiteit van Amsterdam; Junta de Andalucía; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; Space Telescope Science Institute; Associated Universities; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute; Universiteit Leiden; Compute Canada; National Institutes of Natural Sciences; Government of Canada; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Flatiron Health","keywords":"Physics; Event horizon; Astronomy; Telescope; Polarization (electrochemistry); Astrophysics; Optics; Horizon; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001283466,0.0001817048,0.0002278195,0.00001989579,0.0004490233,0.00009899603,0.000493055,0.00001556525,0.0000308802],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001004856,0.00010861,0.0003320157,0.0002938353,0.0001269701,0.0001369866,0.0002097717,0.0005577631,0.00001835058],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004940057,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008622868,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003861359,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.1031e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985415,0.0001469117,0.0003975023,0.0001932288,0.0004022032,0.0003187025],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989207,0.00007173323,0.0003791987,0.0004413763,0.000105043,0.00008199669],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009578106,0.0002983887,0.001317678,0.000008521236,0.0002759924,0.000008029684,0.0004538104,0.01578799,0.9320289,0.02389523,0.001285151,0.02454456],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01280215,0.001474153,0.5327293,0.001738445,0.001452444,0.0001193915,0.004726554,0.01232145,0.3597934,0.0448246,0.02524016,0.002778007],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9273734,0.00001820189,0.06390299,0.007729999,0.0003379421,0.00009745091,0.00003870614,0.000007481182,0.000493798],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975348,0.0000020818,0.0007230479,0.000280541,0.001302511,0.000004014425,0.000008794554,0.00002247594,0.000121803],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5722355,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4428988,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005932758642900878,"score_gpt":0.2015347544176631,"score_spread":0.1956019957747622,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). 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