{"id":"W3139022070","doi":"10.3847/2041-8213/abe71d","title":"First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VII. Polarization of the Ring","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal Letters","topic":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":448,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto; Perimeter Institute; University of Waterloo; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; McGill University","funders":"Los Alamos National Laboratory; Office of International Science and Engineering; National Key Research and Development Program of China; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; National Nuclear Security Administration; Toray Science Foundation; East Asian Core Observatories Association; Institut Périmètre de physique théorique; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo; UK Research and Innovation; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Research Foundation of Korea; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; Generalitat Valenciana; Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología; National Science Foundation; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Academia Sinica; Vetenskapsrådet; International Max Planck Research School for Environmental, Cellular and Molecular Microbiology; Smithsonian Institution; U.S. Department of Energy; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council; European Southern Observatory; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; John Templeton Foundation; European Commission; Leverhulme Trust; National Radio Astronomy Observatory; Harvard University; Radboud Universiteit; National Research Foundation; Universiteit van Amsterdam; Junta de Andalucía; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; Space Telescope Science Institute; Associated Universities; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute; Universiteit Leiden; Compute Canada; National Institutes of Natural Sciences; Government of Canada; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Flatiron Health","keywords":"Physics; Event horizon; Astronomy; Telescope; Polarization (electrochemistry); Astrophysics; Optics; Horizon; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005302835,0.0002826044,0.0002672674,0.0005925292,0.0003279224,0.0006983392,0.000269649,0.0003014898,0.001590522],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006036581,0.0001772795,0.0005299879,0.0006197509,0.0002902942,0.0002884315,0.0003937683,0.0003208922,0.000674177],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004401766,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001824976,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004452066,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00694369,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997091,0.00003680411,0.00001073533,0.00005910406,0.0001222081,0.00006211857],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995622,0.00006474814,0.00007360137,0.0001359308,0.0001165992,0.00004680601],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001963775,0.0005339399,0.429587,0.0004071378,0.0007289149,0.001879894,0.001211104,0.06345672,0.3411921,0.006905938,0.02274334,0.1293902],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005536874,0.0001381434,0.8741276,0.00002686745,0.0001218065,0.0005887129,0.0002381987,0.04702296,0.06335671,0.001158291,0.01310084,0.00006439231],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9555619,0.0003022582,0.01207487,0.0002180371,0.00006854551,0.00005183075,0.01385847,0.000860822,0.01700341],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9869738,0.00005609968,0.004306044,0.00003745172,0.00002179979,0.00001132034,0.007456554,0.0001290597,0.001007994],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004452066,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008852303,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005932758642900878,"score_gpt":0.2015347544176631,"score_spread":0.1956019957747622,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). 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