{"id":"W3141725779","doi":"10.18178/ijmlc.2021.11.1.1017","title":"An Ensemble Framework for Spam Detection on Social Media Platforms","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing","topic":"Spam and Phishing Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"York University","keywords":"Computer science; Popularity; Social media; Spambot; Field (mathematics); Domain (mathematical analysis); Filter (signal processing); Data science; Machine learning; Artificial intelligence; The Internet; World Wide Web; Spamming","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002812165,0.001244357,0.001606551,0.003355041,0.0008130717,0.001287532,0.001552906,0.001507141,0.001234245],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005391912,0.0005023791,0.001218425,0.001668529,0.0004568153,0.002230054,0.0010163,0.001392064,0.0009635299],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008354716,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001093484,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01120465,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01893288,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987593,0.0004209723,0.0000625537,0.0002565612,0.0003345043,0.0001661259],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975448,0.0009173346,0.0002679019,0.0002190814,0.0009198041,0.0001309608],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000535199,0.0006701458,0.03046244,0.0002341082,0.0006725946,0.0004819026,0.0005033402,0.3146719,0.007999562,0.01220707,0.01418509,0.6173766],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003878346,0.00003003473,0.0009226049,0.000006054302,0.00002636921,0.00003747609,0.0000188354,0.9956726,0.0004883273,0.002061899,0.000723777,0.000008193516],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.08544171,0.001957333,0.9048479,0.0008430188,0.0001646293,0.0002073577,0.0005330167,0.002846122,0.003158948],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7481118,0.0009468952,0.2400043,0.0003787621,0.0005709738,0.0002674675,0.001722873,0.0001638037,0.007833203],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01120465,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0222789,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02080755633202437,"score_gpt":0.3065384558866426,"score_spread":0.2857308995546182,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}