{"id":"W3142164470","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.12829","title":"Opportunities and barriers for biofuel and bioenergy production from poplar","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GCB Bioenergy","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Biofuel; Biomass (ecology); Bioenergy; Arable land; Renewable resource; Lignocellulosic biomass; Renewable energy; Environmental science; Raw material; Fossil fuel; Greenhouse gas; Agroforestry; Natural resource economics; Energy crop; Production (economics); Biotechnology; Agronomy; Agriculture; Waste management; Biology; Engineering; Ecology; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006821111,0.0001577649,0.0001488536,0.00008309252,0.0001227608,0.0000563826,0.00004257994,0.0001271045,0.00007896304],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000363855,0.0001551556,0.00003538083,0.00009833142,0.0001033351,0.0001492063,0.00003902926,0.00005935851,0.000001957073],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002136638,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002713747,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000858206,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005247097,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992276,0.00002081943,0.0001485484,0.0003349329,0.00007821056,0.0001899272],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995627,0.00001447313,0.00002379789,0.0001816061,0.00006323888,0.0001541457],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001166531,0.00005189798,0.001554833,0.0007616326,0.0003713783,0.00003360162,0.0006967088,0.0003202806,0.8014359,0.004838921,0.03078838,0.1590298],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000403611,0.00004414525,0.0003350783,0.00002309061,0.00003621393,0.0000360097,0.001435311,0.001326106,0.3819695,0.0008162122,0.6132779,0.0002968136],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9815889,0.009236537,0.0006335838,0.005088194,0.002383002,0.000122866,0.0001338306,0.0003333898,0.0004796917],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9831308,0.01069152,0.002343711,0.000420479,0.0007273548,0.00002850834,0.0002999258,0.00004443259,0.002313336],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5824896,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.632706,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02191885910301642,"score_gpt":0.2018696408181096,"score_spread":0.1799507817150932,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}