{"id":"W3142164470","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.12829","title":"Opportunities and barriers for biofuel and bioenergy production from poplar","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GCB Bioenergy","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Biofuel; Biomass (ecology); Bioenergy; Arable land; Renewable resource; Lignocellulosic biomass; Renewable energy; Environmental science; Raw material; Fossil fuel; Greenhouse gas; Agroforestry; Natural resource economics; Energy crop; Production (economics); Biotechnology; Agronomy; Agriculture; Waste management; Biology; Engineering; Ecology; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001626795,0.0002839897,0.000262786,0.0004570808,0.0008779232,0.003252436,0.0006465341,0.0007606344,0.005969862],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008240474,0.0001422334,0.0003298318,0.0007138576,0.000688366,0.002343184,0.001598661,0.001575358,0.001248828],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006992085,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001590815,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001371693,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002406504,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992858,0.000167764,0.00003231816,0.0001242538,0.0001777463,0.0002122441],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992194,0.0002994788,0.0001158302,0.00004834112,0.0001953466,0.0001216405],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005489015,0.0006390251,0.02676609,0.003899611,0.000119424,0.00378276,0.003060851,0.003605577,0.4532524,0.1883584,0.01242597,0.3035411],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003225374,0.0007175334,0.0378534,0.001955862,0.0001422738,0.002591249,0.02001664,0.004644048,0.102034,0.09861866,0.7312834,0.0001107367],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.7729151,0.06921983,0.02976106,0.03533155,0.0004106536,0.00007529066,0.0004813414,0.0001542776,0.09165084],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9523542,0.02855481,0.006952513,0.001619052,0.000132192,0.00005104764,0.0004813652,0.00003728021,0.009817537],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005969862,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01997113,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02191885910301642,"score_gpt":0.2018696408181096,"score_spread":0.1799507817150932,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}