{"id":"W3142268711","doi":"10.18280/ijsse.110108","title":"Patent Trolling and Intellectual Property: Challenges for Innovations","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering","topic":"Digital Transformation in Law","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Intellectual property; Context (archaeology); Legislature; Globalization; Law and economics; Value (mathematics); Political science; Business; Public relations; Engineering ethics; Knowledge management; Sociology; Law; Engineering; Computer science; History","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02267049,0.0005797606,0.001536026,0.003794225,0.006587063,0.02299626,0.002957121,0.01766988,0.01001735],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04328856,0.000434801,0.001091666,0.004474242,0.04701772,0.03592427,0.006180351,0.01212658,0.001680366],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00876227,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01278502,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002262045,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001449508,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9831424,0.007259157,0.0008104127,0.002415043,0.004831539,0.001541295],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.915202,0.06692268,0.005240185,0.00460501,0.004880588,0.003149528],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000680269,0.00002408633,0.0002104766,0.0001169161,0.000004733746,0.0001098656,0.0005683091,0.0002537279,0.00005128204,0.9760669,0.004430147,0.01815678],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006164399,0.00002081501,0.0002087549,0.0004285577,0.000004223964,0.0001556376,0.001585281,0.0004711167,0.0000708138,0.9539906,0.04303832,0.00001972149],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01574294,0.1274319,0.02504873,0.6849055,0.002246062,0.00007702273,0.0001017669,0.0001148685,0.1443312],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7576234,0.1520961,0.01810124,0.04078235,0.01050486,0.000259521,0.0001153936,0.0001117024,0.0204055],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02299626,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1198944,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05255212845333822,"score_gpt":0.2140436505987158,"score_spread":0.1614915221453776,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}