{"id":"W3145584208","doi":"10.3982/ecta19274","title":"Factions in Nondemocracies: Theory and Evidence From the Chinese Communist Party","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Econometrica","topic":"China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Communism; Politics; China; Hierarchy; Political science; Political economy; Empirical evidence; Economic system; Economics; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001600925,0.00007613121,0.0001448259,0.00009815939,0.0006835142,0.0001365357,0.0003432266,0.00005145532,0.0003767555],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001558112,0.00005131819,0.00004919186,0.001046384,0.0003049447,0.000427231,0.0001183376,0.0001756661,0.0002435501],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001568433,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006845251,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01644654,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01442755,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991931,0.0001735212,0.0001777485,0.0001723192,0.00007469503,0.000208646],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9955686,0.004014033,0.00009746587,0.0002505002,0.00001022274,0.0000591387],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001181811,0.00002158672,0.921916,0.000003566155,0.00001952147,0.000001673019,0.04480183,0.00002883767,0.000002894534,0.01471838,0.003666398,0.01480747],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001031004,0.000007339814,0.9119073,0.00001446494,0.000002359124,1.377978e-7,0.007114932,0.0000806754,6.387324e-7,0.04492592,0.03576308,0.00008011778],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.977593,0.001607144,0.00001405486,0.008044422,0.000233504,0.000138666,0.00003569551,0.00004453985,0.01228898],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9918736,0.00524157,0.00001900726,0.0002752581,0.0001270148,0.00002158474,0.000003303665,0.000005752303,0.002432876],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0376869,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.990103,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03430054724644545,"score_gpt":0.3267472235804433,"score_spread":0.2924466763339979,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}