{"id":"W3146333138","doi":"10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.02.011","title":"Trends and Patterns of Tobacco and Nicotine Product Use Among Youth in Canada, England, and the United States From 2017 to 2019","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Adolescent Health","topic":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","field":"Medicine","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; National Institutes of Health; National Cancer Institute; Public Health Agency of Canada","keywords":"Smokeless tobacco; Nicotine; Medicine; New england; Environmental health; Nicotine replacement therapy; Tobacco product; Public health; Tobacco harm reduction; Tobacco use; Population; Internal medicine; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000416176,0.0002172956,0.0003849392,0.002089322,0.0008480158,0.001371274,0.000886173,0.0005291281,0.002169263],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001318232,0.0002574891,0.0008066637,0.004010832,0.0003892428,0.0007145004,0.0008104024,0.000896051,0.0003702297],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006517918,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008438083,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9536808,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9766975,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993074,0.00003622393,0.00009059606,0.00009142468,0.0002201933,0.0002541225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982287,0.0000745369,0.0004360598,0.00003142821,0.0008358583,0.0003934164],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005053943,0.00001863511,0.9951839,0.0000537876,0.00006325398,0.00005075954,0.0003893205,0.0000495602,0.00008211092,0.00007086313,0.001587263,0.002400022],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001737403,0.000008819338,0.9975745,0.00004283726,0.0000205586,0.00005521004,0.001093498,0.00008143952,0.00002765563,0.000007860422,0.001081032,0.000004937934],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.957349,0.002719124,0.0000856244,0.0006566075,0.00003714769,0.00002923268,0.03551745,0.00003500619,0.003570705],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9815231,0.002269563,0.0001727527,0.000233482,0.00001633692,0.00002652912,0.01363266,0.00001289882,0.002112615],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04631919,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09318388,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03114746845363597,"score_gpt":0.2848515895182486,"score_spread":0.2537041210646127,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}