{"id":"W3150020901","doi":"10.1007/s13202-021-01143-z","title":"Evaluation of anionic and non-ionic surfactant performance for Montney shale gas hydraulic fracturing fluids","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology","topic":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","keywords":"Pulmonary surfactant; Surface tension; Oil shale; Hydraulic fracturing; Adsorption; Petroleum engineering; Capillary action; Geology; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Materials science; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001000592,0.0001100279,0.0002607484,0.0003945614,0.00009323264,0.00002289295,0.00005978084,0.0001249819,0.0000132763],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002435823,0.00009911464,0.00005657172,0.0002594251,0.00004831529,0.0004463574,0.00001758028,0.0002142638,7.675306e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007299519,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007570633,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001501971,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001025316,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989583,0.00004207893,0.000435793,0.0001505236,0.0002865514,0.0001266846],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989537,0.00002062522,0.0001913575,0.000160995,0.0006319745,0.00004135915],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004040865,0.0000605941,0.0009694425,0.0002581526,0.0002203622,0.000002231104,0.0004267138,0.8120747,0.08506663,0.00001280227,0.0002317368,0.1006362],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009095737,0.0002621001,0.001532857,0.0001168565,0.0002930423,0.0001964371,0.0008378939,0.4871753,0.5053113,0.001620955,0.001592814,0.0001508618],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9726146,0.004764959,0.01896279,0.003136753,0.0003425065,0.00008565373,0.000001225955,0.00003747022,0.00005399347],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9923594,0.006510153,0.0008958185,0.000007131669,0.0001493757,0.00001386301,0.00000446706,0.00001417977,0.00004560313],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4202446,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4041778,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01755603162276932,"score_gpt":0.2437216401512042,"score_spread":0.2261656085284349,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}