{"id":"W3152343577","doi":"","title":"More Tax Sources for Canada’s Largest Cities: Why, What, and How?","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Canadian Policy and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Property tax; Revenue; Ad valorem tax; Tax revenue; Value-added tax; Tax reform; Business; Sales tax; Public economics; Indirect tax; Tax deferral; Direct tax; Tax avoidance; State income tax; Economic policy; Economics; Finance; Gross income","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001861613,0.0006881806,0.0006368109,0.003100332,0.008676191,0.01173716,0.001363505,0.001110197,0.01191259],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01007851,0.0003758615,0.0008560964,0.008861056,0.004194577,0.005736395,0.00251597,0.002956067,0.001308692],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.08341144,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.1069361,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9722613,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9905283,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9956274,0.0003287935,0.00007747293,0.0002599426,0.00229531,0.00141103],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99013,0.000718932,0.0006762426,0.0004394062,0.005419052,0.002616504],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009684607,0.00009284703,0.06380758,0.0007901539,0.0001750566,0.0003327906,0.006361144,0.001592943,0.0006785715,0.1694191,0.4966428,0.2600102],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005000241,0.00003214684,0.09421,0.001303835,0.0002227187,0.0002058539,0.01501522,0.001087104,0.0008249529,0.02089304,0.8659722,0.0001830481],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.12757,0.04525726,0.005625984,0.5728298,0.002695307,0.0002656434,0.004972556,0.0006705468,0.240113],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8622335,0.03637031,0.007968928,0.02518287,0.0009093561,0.0000685218,0.003267187,0.0003644054,0.06363501],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08341144,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6051952,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01734163457250949,"score_gpt":0.2612819389662412,"score_spread":0.2439403043937318,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}