{"id":"W3152910989","doi":"10.1177/2192568220961353","title":"Applications of Machine Learning to Imaging of Spinal Disorders: Current Status and Future Directions","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Global Spine Journal","topic":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"St. Michael's Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Spinal deformity; Narrative review; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Medical physics; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Deformity; Surgery; Computer science; Intensive care medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009362716,0.0007350284,0.002100599,0.003835536,0.0002990732,0.002565812,0.001172542,0.001820751,0.003222628],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02255146,0.0003420282,0.001916025,0.003872473,0.001232933,0.002514848,0.0008899096,0.001225426,0.0005141493],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00136191,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004197733,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001372079,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003101206,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973025,0.001195785,0.0006337707,0.0002123105,0.0005545294,0.0001010745],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9618191,0.03274168,0.002743158,0.0004363989,0.002070123,0.0001895494],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003143402,0.00007260704,0.001404665,0.3007765,0.001397926,0.0003116108,0.000202021,0.0005221005,0.0003525486,0.004448749,0.01084337,0.6793535],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001728122,0.0006163134,0.007816209,0.6199533,0.006078768,0.003381592,0.0007313324,0.0007085231,0.0008216818,0.01141228,0.3482062,0.0001009372],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00009640295,0.9988052,0.0001165939,0.0006649765,0.00008764548,0.00001399993,0.00001131504,0.000002190712,0.0002016426],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001854611,0.9968475,0.0003591768,0.0005136003,0.0003203966,0.00003383429,0.00001484473,0.000001534579,0.00005446168],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009362716,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04951537,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003802029901901226,"score_gpt":0.2621392202925912,"score_spread":0.25833719039069,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}