{"id":"W3152977384","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2021.104732","title":"A novel approach for fracture skeleton extraction from rock surface images","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","topic":"Rock Mechanics and Modeling","field":"Engineering","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Artificial intelligence; Particle swarm optimization; Rock mass classification; Computer science; Pixel; Contrast (vision); Bilateral filter; Computer vision; Fracture (geology); Pattern recognition (psychology); Geology; Algorithm","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002983779,0.0001083158,0.0001554522,0.00008348816,0.000117682,0.0001689612,0.0002411779,0.00006648578,0.00001116501],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008567938,0.00009623276,0.00007907746,0.00007959942,0.000001870546,0.0003243187,0.0000423921,0.0001329235,3.088175e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003423942,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007271527,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007886647,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002331439,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990383,0.000007996124,0.0002849731,0.0001631579,0.0003670522,0.0001385651],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992625,0.0001066645,0.0001517916,0.00005027889,0.0003649767,0.00006379039],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009230754,0.00002442242,0.000004858956,0.000006528503,0.0000617046,0.000004544821,0.0002116983,0.8735078,0.1236033,0.000614398,0.0002648484,0.001686645],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003642228,0.00005406626,0.000005885987,0.00006708078,0.00002345323,0.0001502199,0.001067963,0.9686594,0.02516744,0.001860686,0.002464613,0.0001149399],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1118316,0.001319557,0.8852897,0.0001985888,0.001191895,0.00003471971,0.00002376758,0.00001403801,0.00009615604],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8766305,0.0004501071,0.1224768,0.00009306799,0.0002843308,0.000001355632,0.000007668294,0.00001135001,0.00004483015],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7647989,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3924258,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02321353317493769,"score_gpt":0.2729884271299554,"score_spread":0.2497748939550177,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}