{"id":"W3153876211","doi":"10.1039/d0rp00320d","title":"Reasoning, granularity, and comparisons in students’ arguments on two organic chemistry items","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemistry Education Research and Practice","topic":"Science Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Argumentation theory; Granularity; Mathematics education; Epistemology; Psychology; Chemistry; Computer science; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003773742,0.00008484675,0.0001042941,0.00004080182,0.0007416816,0.0005551628,0.0002562044,0.00009187842,0.002245535],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01147591,0.00009643953,0.00001214633,0.0007043694,0.0003932101,0.0003108283,0.00010405,0.0006139574,0.00003027876],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001807381,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002622405,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001561,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000320451,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977326,0.0005531276,0.000163319,0.000403523,0.0007927444,0.0003546712],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972662,0.00154085,0.00007504252,0.0002367987,0.0005204508,0.0003607043],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003424418,0.01093061,0.658057,0.000435786,0.0000872134,0.00005770684,0.1069234,0.000002171279,0.1077766,0.007836523,0.08363651,0.02391407],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006067205,0.00002307765,0.02231747,0.0001156429,0.00001036189,0.00005406185,0.2917823,0.000009319547,0.01343645,0.001125469,0.670288,0.0002310519],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8373486,0.0007939471,0.000003114973,0.01925579,0.0001728996,0.0001233074,0.000001952522,0.00001347429,0.1422868],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9663389,0.001408394,0.0002098711,0.0003969698,0.0003357577,0.00004007126,0.00002870439,0.000006845324,0.03123444],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6357395,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986665,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1379110693337264,"score_gpt":0.5482287230435098,"score_spread":0.4103176537097834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}