{"id":"W3154649724","doi":"10.1177/01979183211000286","title":"Bridges or Barriers? The Relationship between Immigrants’ Early Labor Market Adversities and Long-term Earnings","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Migration Review","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Earnings; Immigration; Disadvantage; Wage; Demographic economics; Economics; Psychological intervention; Labour economics; Earnings growth; Medicine; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001103879,0.0001207321,0.0002161698,0.00005682486,0.0004995773,0.0002365096,0.0002420632,0.00007375836,0.002510552],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004183455,0.00008798578,0.0001047766,0.0003395772,0.0002794257,0.0004193002,0.00004720921,0.0001777437,0.0000447671],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007364032,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002740872,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008440566,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.023237,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980904,0.0006678865,0.0003661218,0.0002259636,0.0005033657,0.0001462632],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978804,0.001183808,0.0002146932,0.0001519894,0.0004565574,0.0001125771],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003350264,0.000007922521,0.9345671,0.0001182959,0.00005357227,0.000007432842,0.00693866,0.000001382708,0.000001038477,0.04887921,0.006884454,0.002507409],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000443202,0.000008818382,0.8534438,0.0007282413,0.0000803623,0.000005691583,0.001722342,0.00006247511,0.000002212459,0.0002538813,0.1431174,0.0001316082],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8605758,0.01861617,0.0006722968,0.115086,0.0004424724,0.0006005377,0.0001304449,0.00008796175,0.003788325],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8834832,0.06167755,0.0001070606,0.003502831,0.0003012758,0.00004513162,0.0001324714,0.00001120003,0.05073924],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1362329,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984013,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03149361984891483,"score_gpt":0.3283324535078961,"score_spread":0.2968388336589813,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}