{"id":"W3154951970","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2021.660934","title":"The Dispensable Surplus Dairy Calf: Is This Issue a “Wicked Problem” and Where Do We Go From Here?","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","topic":"Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies","field":"Veterinary","cited_by":84,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia; Dairy Farmers of Manitoba; University of Melbourne; Dairy Farmers of Canada; Hans-Sigrist-Stiftung","keywords":"Milking; Status quo; Herd; Dairy cattle; Economic surplus; Value (mathematics); Animal science; Business; Agricultural science; Biology; Political science; Law; Welfare","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000934887,0.0008585695,0.00204073,0.0003144198,0.001293708,0.0005281163,0.001737581,0.0003493397,0.0003726973],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000951168,0.0006060899,0.0003737575,0.001595934,0.002771653,0.0005985964,0.001953813,0.0008900297,0.0001406214],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004398118,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006111076,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004778706,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002116393,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9949471,0.0004616269,0.0009291925,0.001787255,0.0007745207,0.001100319],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977915,0.0002381318,0.0003819158,0.001218954,0.0001278609,0.0002416351],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001162855,0.0001162012,0.001158301,0.003205438,0.0001555879,0.002279606,0.003721945,9.42823e-8,0.00003613364,0.0001034069,0.07739315,0.9117138],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001984633,0.0006727392,0.0005030263,0.007054013,0.0002078474,0.0004424927,0.002265309,0.00001656268,2.982733e-7,0.0001902878,0.9876945,0.0007544357],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001355182,0.9910788,0.00002752619,0.0003631348,0.002486716,0.001041235,0.0003013253,0.00007522519,0.003270872],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000591578,0.9911927,0.003317657,0.00003518703,0.000197641,0.0002304396,0.00002050154,0.00007924759,0.004335059],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9109594,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999422,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07092051055253758,"score_gpt":0.3618297419611041,"score_spread":0.2909092314085666,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}