{"id":"W3155053879","doi":"10.2196/24796","title":"Machine Learning Methods for the Diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Healthy Subjects: Retrospective Observational Cohort Study","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JMIR Medical Informatics","topic":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"AstraZeneca","keywords":"Medicine; COPD; Retrospective cohort study; Vital capacity; Cohort; Cohort study; Pulmonary function testing; Asthma; Internal medicine; Physical therapy; Intensive care medicine; Diffusing capacity; Lung","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001926992,0.0002830182,0.0007488478,0.0002021807,0.0002130374,0.00002599976,0.0003333465,0.0001585641,0.0007825226],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004775168,0.0002138194,0.0002438906,0.001064396,0.0004269883,0.0002790674,0.0003418923,0.001161873,0.000006903549],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001379291,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003076824,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001261807,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006789681,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9957699,0.0004404144,0.001202519,0.0003409239,0.001674624,0.0005716769],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9954281,0.002309858,0.0003357918,0.0005917919,0.0007245998,0.0006097934],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009225809,0.001643592,0.9552301,0.001469957,0.0002628523,0.0001247474,0.001488864,0.000104122,0.00000461947,0.0005037806,0.00007221969,0.0381726],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002431743,0.0004007754,0.842254,0.0002108476,0.000158006,0.00002791239,0.00342471,0.1488668,0.00003207072,0.000483301,0.001550562,0.0001592186],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9807184,0.005613984,0.003033391,0.002946946,0.0003284929,0.006290894,0.0001823801,0.00007168759,0.0008137895],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9919195,0.0008382968,0.003004219,0.0004602546,0.0002764393,0.002845379,0.0004150608,0.00004416867,0.0001966912],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1487627,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8719301,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03947684835899852,"score_gpt":0.3934715443561415,"score_spread":0.3539946959971429,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}