{"id":"W3155248519","doi":"10.3390/su13084184","title":"The Efficacy of Whole Oyster Shells for Removing Copper, Zinc, Chromium, and Cadmium Heavy Metal Ions from Stormwater","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sustainability","topic":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Cadmium; Copper; Zinc; Stormwater; Hexavalent chromium; Environmental chemistry; Leaching (pedology); Chromium; Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Environmental science; Metallurgy; Materials science; Surface runoff; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002981815,0.0005437901,0.000358844,0.000230898,0.0002274624,0.0005203778,0.0002888878,0.0003333868,0.0005204552],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003690515,0.0002136699,0.000441795,0.0001739759,0.0002257715,0.0003526821,0.000401004,0.0002688658,0.0001820627],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000215835,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003514818,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002995924,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006675533,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997469,0.00002489663,0.00002506798,0.00005253193,0.0001147894,0.00003591007],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997699,0.00003000176,0.0000651336,0.00002350658,0.00008202474,0.00002943216],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001227729,0.00003910808,0.0009202644,0.0001232003,0.00001126744,0.00003980446,0.0000302169,0.0001691164,0.9944366,0.000009666573,0.0000138519,0.004084009],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009039512,0.001650789,0.01092233,0.00001689746,0.00004732344,0.0001156271,0.0001301272,0.0008391063,0.9854741,0.00001049701,0.0007738228,0.00001034899],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984781,0.0002511382,0.0007723388,0.00001421279,0.000005834429,0.00001654646,0.00004436554,0.00001230325,0.0004051596],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9919758,0.0007928328,0.004173091,0.0000417405,0.000003778505,0.00001611305,0.0001362989,0.00001939757,0.002840904],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002995924,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005957007,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009339907472710683,"score_gpt":0.248888848747277,"score_spread":0.2395489412745663,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}