{"id":"W3156448175","doi":"10.2196/25869","title":"Federated Learning for Thyroid Ultrasound Image Analysis to Protect Personal Information: Validation Study in a Real Health Care Environment","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JMIR Medical Informatics","topic":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","keywords":"Artificial intelligence; Deep learning; Machine learning; Computer science; Thyroid nodules; Receiver operating characteristic; Medicine; Thyroid; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001137168,0.000177844,0.0003464699,0.000386076,0.0002611052,0.0004491382,0.003278952,0.0001398497,0.00004337934],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007450873,0.0001684105,0.00007767831,0.001471806,0.00004490618,0.001567977,0.007673224,0.0004841388,0.00004070592],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004560601,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004788692,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005669846,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008096091,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971991,0.0001465869,0.0009173185,0.0002131887,0.001109627,0.0004142362],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978579,0.0002258068,0.0002794499,0.00129376,0.0001398547,0.0002032573],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001752864,0.001647344,0.02628406,0.001750187,0.001351957,0.00009453959,0.3932402,0.002934372,0.0001658803,0.0005203525,0.08572248,0.4861133],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002813999,0.001415577,0.01343811,0.0001202007,0.00005670452,0.00003417174,0.07556953,0.8986269,0.0008058548,0.0004796949,0.005966807,0.0006723989],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2022864,0.00002040185,0.7874645,0.007788248,0.00006494415,0.001751009,0.0000280821,0.0003374326,0.0002589966],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6886601,0.0000630147,0.3083661,0.001165944,0.00003429652,0.0009002225,0.0007848984,0.00001072067,0.00001471389],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8956926,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9564126,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0221225010509256,"score_gpt":0.3177019805599278,"score_spread":0.2955794795090022,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}